I want to apologize, first of all, as if I have to describe this topic in a little detail, but I am compelled to do so, because it is a really wide argument.
This post serves, at the moment, to give you a general idea on changes occurred in the history of the human beings in relation to food, up to the present day, that we have so many cooking methods.
4,000,000 years ago : transition from monkey
to man
3,000,000 years ago : semi-erect posture and the beginning of language
1,500,000 years ago : appears the ''Homo Erectus " and it is the period in which they began to learn the use of fire
400,000 years ago: (until now, for 3,600,000 years everything has been eaten raw) at that time, the Neanderthal Man discovered the basics of cooking the food; they began to build the first useful tools and discovered how to use the fire to transform the original characteristics of various foods
75,000 years ago : it appears the ' "Homo Sapiens"
13,000 years ago : the first rudimentary crops
11,000 years ago : animal husbandry
10,000 years ago : organized fishing with nets
7000 years ago : first urban civilization
1000 years ago : the spread of pasta
200 years ago : the spread of pasta with tomato sauce
60 years ago : first McDonald
IN GENERAL DURING COOKING :
3,000,000 years ago : semi-erect posture and the beginning of language
1,500,000 years ago : appears the ''Homo Erectus " and it is the period in which they began to learn the use of fire
400,000 years ago: (until now, for 3,600,000 years everything has been eaten raw) at that time, the Neanderthal Man discovered the basics of cooking the food; they began to build the first useful tools and discovered how to use the fire to transform the original characteristics of various foods
75,000 years ago : it appears the ' "Homo Sapiens"
13,000 years ago : the first rudimentary crops
11,000 years ago : animal husbandry
10,000 years ago : organized fishing with nets
7000 years ago : first urban civilization
1000 years ago : the spread of pasta
200 years ago : the spread of pasta with tomato sauce
60 years ago : first McDonald
IN GENERAL DURING COOKING :
- Vitamins: at a certain temperature, pH and cooking times, are reduced their bioavailability, absorption and consequent nutritional value
- Proteins: denaturation produced by cooking reduces the biological value, while the coagulation-solidification that forms, increases the rate and timing of absorption in the stomach and intestinesFats: if you reach the point of smoke forming toxic substances such as acrolein
- Vitamins: are destroyed several such as vitamin C and the B group , others are reduced by 50%
- Mineral salts: they are dispersed into the cooking water, less even if cooking in dry
An undesirable substance that is formed during the cooking process is acrylamide, which is a neurotoxic substance. This means that acrylamide at high doses has the ability to cause damage to the nervous tissues. It is also noted that in animals, high doses of this compound cause cancer and affect reproduction.
Acrylamide can be formed in foods during cooking processes that reach temperatures of 120 ° C or higher, for example, frying, baking and roasting. Originally it was found to contain acrylamide French fries, potato chips, cookies and crackers, croutons, cereals for breakfast, roast potatoes, bakery products and coffee. Further investigations have revealed the presence of acrylamide in toasted nuts, fruits and black olives .
Likewise form carcinogenic substances such heterocyclic amines in the cooking of meat to the smoking point.
20 COOKING SYSTEMS
Coming now to the topic, many are nowadays the possibilities of how to cook.
I write you these 20 systems only for doing that, when you'll begin to cook a food, you could think a little bit more on which is the best method for you to choose.
1 . BOILING : immersion of the food in water, which is brought to the boiling point.
Pros and cons: are lost a lot of mineral salts; the food is to be depleted but does not cause adverse effects
2 . DROWN : similar method to boiling, which, however, is carried out in water at a temperature below 80
Pros and cons : it is one of the most delicate cooking systems, but always minerals are lost
3 . BAIN-MARIE : the food is put into a container that is floating in a pot of water on the fire
Pros and Cons : The food does not stick and cooking is gentle enough; you can use a little bit of water so it is possible to loose not a lot of minerals
4 . STEWING : the food is put into a saucepan with a little quantity of water and a cover; you can use moderate heat, forming stewing
Pros and cons: cooking quite delicate and less loss of minerals
5 . STEAM : a perforated steel basket or a weave of bamboo is put inside a pot, above the water level, which, brought to boiling point allow food to be cooked with water steam
Pros and cons: does not lose the taste of the food and keep it digestible; you lose the minerals in the water, look to the color of the water after cooking, so you'll understand what are you loosing
6 . SOLDERING : is a method of mixed cooking; in the beginning is made with a browning fat, then the continuation of the cooking is with a liquid ( sometimes wine)
Pros and cons: the initial browning makes food tastier, but it hurts more than the previous cooking
7 . FRYING : the food is immersed in a fat or meat is seared on both sides; using oils, butter, lard. Fried foods absorb a part of the fat used during cooking, thus resulting very caloric. The temperature reached is from 130 ° to 190 ° C.. Better oil that resists cooking is extra virgin olive oil; most are advised against various seed oils and the rape oil.
Pros and cons: fat led to such high temperatures degrade losing most of beneficial and healthy trace elements, and with the formation of indigestible and toxic substances
8 . LEAP : it uses very little fat at high temperatures; cooking is usually short by "leaping" all the time the food on the pan
Pros and cons: there is no loss of mineral salts because are retained and, even if the pieces are enough big, the substances inside are sufficiently intact; the problem is the high temperature of the fats that burn the outer parts
9 . GAS OVEN : cooking for irradiation given by a flame which is quite harmless
Pros and Cons : If you put the exact amount of water remains the taste and minerals , which usually is perceived by the taste; sometimes if you overdo with fats and you cook for a long, it ill be formed a sort of prolonged frying that makes it heavy and indigestible food
10 . ELECTRIC OVEN : cooking for irradiation overheating
Pros and cons: similar to a gas oven; but someone claims that cooking be electricity is a most unnatural than gas
11 . CONVECTION OVEN : the food is cooked by the hot air that is moved
Pros and cons: similar to the oven, but you can cook at lower temperatures less ruining the food ; with the meat does not form the outer crust which is very indigestible
12 . BAKED : after the food has been cooked in the oven, is made to form a golden brown top, which is realized by exposing the food to the heat of the grill of the oven at 250-300 ° C
Pros and cons: similar to the oven, but the gratin is at high temperatures, thus ruin more the food; plus the crust is heavier for the liver and can have inside acrylamide or heterocyclic amines (see the beginning of the Post)
13 . BAKING IN FOIL : inside the aluminium foil or parchment paper (I will write some more about in the Post devoted to kitchen tools)
Pros and Cons : food is protected from burning or roasting and are used the substances of the food, so are not lost; you can cook also without adding any kind of fat
14 . MICROWAVE OVEN : it is based on electromagnetic waves that are produced in a tube furnace by electron which is called "magnetron"; generates a force field that allows the microwaves to bounce back and forth inside the armor of metal of the oven until are absorbed by the food. These cause the vibration of water molecules contained in the food. The magnetron generates a force field that constantly changes direction at a frequency of 2450 MHz, ie of 2.45 billion times per second.
Pros and Cons : although new technologies provide better protection from leaks of microwave, the cooking is done in such a way as to change the structure of the food itself; dr. Hertel did experiments with groups of young volunteers proving what may increase the possibility of cancer
15 . AT THE PLATE : the food is placed on the iron or cast iron plate that is on the red-hot fire
Pros and cons: it is better than cooking on a spit or grilled, because the food is not directly exposed to the fumes of fire and flame
16 . SPIT : the food is cooked rotating close to the heat source
Pros and cons: they are often used heat sources that produce smoke and therefore increase the risk of becoming cancerous; especially meat become more indigestible because the subcutanous barriers to heat, present in every animal under the skin, is an obstacle to cook the inside parts so that the outside tends to burn
17 . GRILLED : food cooking is done through the use of wood or charcoal
Pros and cons: the difficulty of controlling the cooking temperature is one of the problems . It 's very easy to cause burns or diffuse foods, resulting in the production of toxic substances (such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and carcinogens; the vicinity of the flame produces another carcinogen, called benzopyrene
18 . ON SOAPSTONE : Soapstone is a smoothed stone that resists temperature and flame and distributes heat well; soapstone is called steatite, an odorless, tasteless stone composed primarily of chlorite, dolomite, magnesite and talc. Soapstone cookware is pricey, but it is a heavy, durable, bacteria-resistant cookware that will last and look great for generations with minimal care.
Pros and cons : unlike the grid, is non-stick, does not produce emissions of smoke and possesses thermal properties that allow a controlled release of the heat and of long duration; permits to eliminate, at least, a portion of the fatty substances of the food
19 . IN BLANKET : the food is in the water that is posted at a not high temperature, then the pot lid is closed and stored for the required time in a blanket
Pros and Cons : cannot find much use for leafy vegetables or meat, but very useful for tubers, roots, cereals; meat and fish is very well cooked even if you like it boiled or mixed with cereals. . It is cooked slowly and at temperatures that do not spoil too much food; nothing is wasted and is a very healthy system of cooking.... and it is also saving energy!
20 . AT THE SUN : exposing the food on the grills and protecting it from the birds with nets
Pros and cons: you must be in climates with a strong enough sun; in ancient times it was used to cook the bread or pans were inserted in hot sand and left at the sun. Very healthy cooking, non-invasive, the food receives even the energy from the sun
SOME MORE
- for
at least 3.6 million years man has lived on only raw food , as do
all animals on Earth ( except domestic
animal,
who have diseases similar to humans)
from a few hundred years a lot of people think (strangely) that it is impossible to live only by raw food
- every
time you cook the smell that comes out of the cooked food is
something that is "dispersed" by the food, so the
properties that evaporate and we can no longer assimilate; almost
like saying that it is a "soul" who is
flying
away ...
- cooking
ruins the vitamins and minerals.
It
seems that they become, when
not lost, more difficult to assimilate; therefore strongly recommend
to integrate with raw fruits and vegetables of biological origin
- significant losses of minerals occur with several types of cooking and also their transmutation into difficult assimilation .... Attention: usually intensive and chemical crops and are already having a very low intake of minerals (and vitamins) in vegetables and fruits choose .... so those biological and crops with low exploitation. The pads that many buy to supplement the deficiencies of minerals and vitamins they cost a lot and are treated in a very low percentage.
In the next post I'll cover the following topics (listed below in ascending order of publication); I'll wait for you ....
"Which are the best tools for cooking?"
"Summary of how to cook and some special recipes"
"Using fermented foods, how to prepare them and recipes"


















